Living with diabetes brings many changes to your daily routine, from managing blood sugar to paying special attention to foot health. A lesser-known but important part of diabetic foot care is taking care of your toenails. Diabetics are at higher risk for toenail issues like infections, thickening, and other changes due to impaired blood flow and nerve function. Understanding how to care for your toenails can prevent complications and help keep your feet healthy.
What Do Diabetic Nails Look Like?
If you’re diabetic, you may have noticed your nails don’t look the same as they once did. Diabetic nails can appear yellow, brittle, and thickened. These changes can result from reduced blood flow to the feet and an increased risk of fungal infections. When toenails lack nutrients from the blood supply, they may thicken and grow more slowly, often developing ridges and discoloration.
Changes in color, like yellow or brownish hues, might be early signs of trouble, and it’s not just cosmetic. For diabetics, discoloration can indicate fungal infections or other underlying issues. Paying attention to these subtle changes in your nails can help you catch problems early.
Why Diabetics are Prone to Nail Problems
Diabetes affects blood vessels and nerves, particularly in the extremities like your feet. With reduced blood flow, injuries heal more slowly, and infections can become serious faster than they would for non-diabetics. Diabetic neuropathy, or nerve damage, also makes it harder for some people to notice small injuries. If you don’t feel minor cuts or abrasions, they can easily turn into infections.
Toenail fungus and ingrown toenails are two common issues that diabetics face, and each comes with its risks. For instance, fungal infections thrive in the moist, warm environment of closed-toe shoes. Without timely treatment, the fungus can spread and weaken the nail, making it more susceptible to breaking or further infection.
Identifying and Treating Toenail Fungus
Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is one of the most frequent nail issues in diabetics. It can start as a small yellow or white spot under the nail but can quickly spread, causing thickening, discoloration, and sometimes even a foul odor. The nails may become brittle and difficult to trim, creating discomfort and sometimes pain.
The good news is that treatments are available. Over-the-counter antifungal creams, such as those containing terbinafine (like Lamisil), can be helpful for mild cases. However, if the infection is persistent, an oral medication prescribed by your doctor may be more effective. Terbinafine tablets, for example, are commonly prescribed but should be taken under medical supervision, as they can have side effects.
Diabetics should avoid at-home remedies for nail fungus that involve harsh chemicals or filing the nails, as these may damage the skin or worsen the infection. It’s always safer to consult with a foot specialist who can recommend a suitable treatment plan.
Ingrown Toenails and Diabetic Nail Care
Ingrown toenails, where the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, can be particularly painful for diabetics. If you notice redness, swelling, or discharge around a toenail, you may have an ingrown nail. Left untreated, ingrown toenails can lead to infections and even abscesses.
If you’re diabetic, regular nail trimming is essential to prevent nails from growing into the skin. Cut toenails straight across, avoiding rounded edges. Keep your nails short but not too short, as cutting them too close to the skin can increase the risk of an ingrown toenail. Avoid tight-fitting shoes, which can also press the nail edges into the skin.
If an ingrown toenail has already developed, it’s best to avoid digging into it or cutting it yourself. Instead, schedule an appointment with a podiatrist who can safely remove the ingrown portion of the nail and treat any infection.
Safe Pedicures for Diabetics – Can Diabetics Get Their Toenails Done?
Many people with diabetes wonder if it’s safe to get a pedicure. While it’s possible to get a pedicure as a diabetic, it’s essential to take extra precautions. Look for salons that prioritize hygiene, disinfect their tools properly, and have trained technicians who understand the specific needs of diabetic clients.
It may be safer to look for a “medical pedicure,” which some podiatrists offer. These pedicures are done in a clinical setting where the focus is on health rather than aesthetics. During a medical pedicure, the technician will take extra care with trimming and cleaning to avoid injuring the nail or skin. Inform the technician of your diabetes so they can proceed carefully and avoid cutting the skin or pushing back cuticles, which can open pathways for infections.
Nail dystrophy, a condition where nails grow deformed or abnormally thick, is another concern for diabetics. This condition makes nails more prone to cracking, which can lead to open sores and infections if not managed properly.
The signs of nail dystrophy include yellowish discoloration, a thickened nail plate, and ridges that make the nail appear uneven. Sometimes, the nails may become so thick that they’re painful to trim or wear in closed-toe shoes. To manage nail dystrophy, consult a foot doctor who can trim the nails properly and provide guidance on preventing further deformities.
Self-Care Tips for Diabetic Toenails
Daily nail care can go a long way in preventing complications. Here’s how you can incorporate nail care into your routine:
– Keep Nails Clean and Dry: This helps prevent fungal infections from taking hold. Dry your feet thoroughly after bathing, especially between the toes.
– Moisturize Wisely: Diabetics are advised to moisturize their feet daily to prevent dry, cracked skin. However, avoid applying lotion between the toes, as excess moisture there can promote fungal growth.
– Use the Right Tools: Invest in a pair of quality nail clippers and avoid using shared or old tools. Disinfect your clippers after each use.
– Wear Comfortable Footwear: Shoes that fit well and provide support can prevent trauma to the nails, which may lead to issues like bruising or ingrown toenails.
Knowing When to See a Doctor
Even with careful self-care, you may encounter nail issues that require professional help. If you notice any signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge, it’s essential to see a doctor promptly. Similarly, if you have persistent pain or find that home treatments aren’t effective, it’s time to consult a podiatrist.
What Should You Do?
Toenail care is a vital part of diabetic foot care, and it goes beyond aesthetics. With proper attention and timely intervention, many common issues, such as fungal infections, ingrown nails, and nail deformities, can be managed effectively.
If you recognize any of these symptoms or need professional assistance, don’t wait to get help. Call the Houston foot doctor at DeNiel Foot and Ankle Center and schedule a consultation today. Remember, delaying treatment can lead to more complicated issues down the line. When it comes to diabetic toenail care, it’s always better to prevent problems before they start.
